5 simple skills that will help save a life - yourself or a friend
Any emergency requiring quick response and immediate action - stress for an untrained person. It happens that health and life depend on an instant decision, but often we just don’t know what to do (especially if the conversation about indirect heart massage last time was on the lifeblood lessons a hundred years ago). We talk about the skills that help to survive or save someone else's life in emergency situations with the help of specialists: Candidate of Medical Sciences, psychotherapist of the Medicina clinic Irina Krashkina, educational psychologist, neuropsychologist Mikhail Ivanov and private psychologist Vadim Guliyev.
The ability to provide first aid
In most Western countries, pre-hospital care is taught at very different ages, and free of charge. Such courses are adolescents, housewives, call center employees, not to mention those who constantly interact with people at work. At the same time, for example, electric defibrillators are installed in public places: in the metro and airports, cafes and cinemas, at gas stations and in stores. If over time you want to refresh knowledge, you can sign up for the course again. This program helps to save hundreds of lives from year to year, reducing the number of deaths "on the street."
In Russia, first aid courses also exist. But there are several nuances: they are usually paid, not too popular (many do not even know about them) and are not always suitable for those who do not have medical education. So, in the Medical Simulation Center (MSC) of the Botkin Hospital on interactive equipment and robot simulators are taught to provide emergency assistance in specially created critical conditions: for example, in the case of a terrorist attack on the subway with smoke or gunfights in the street with the shouts and moans of the victims. The problem is that such training is available only to medical professionals, primarily ambulance doctors.
Of course, there is always a backup option - training videos on the Internet, but practice is the best teacher. You can complete paid courses, for example, at the Moscow Rescue Service, PARAMEDIC School or the Scientific and Practical Center for Emergency Medical Aid. In Russia, you can go through certified American Emergency First Response courses — for example, the basic CPR for providing assistance in life-threatening situations (cardiac arrest or bleeding), or Care for Children for saving children of different ages. Tuition fees - from two thousand rubles. Upon completion of the course, a certificate, certificate or certificate will be issued, usually valid for 2-3 years (after this time it is advisable to complete the course again)
Knowledge of self defense techniques
Self-defense skills at any level of sports training (even zero) will definitely come in handy in life. For example, Krav Maga, based on the self-defense technique of the Israeli army, translated from Hebrew means “contact battle”. There are items from boxing, jiu-jitsu, wrestling, karate. But, unlike many traditional martial arts, in Krav Maga, all the tricks are applicable not only in the hall, but also in real life - in case you need to stand up for yourself. In the classroom, they usually beat several extreme situations, for example, a burglar attack, a maniac with a knife, an aggressive dog, and practice their safe behavior in them. Moreover, they are taught not only to defend themselves by capturing throws and seizures, but also to inflict damage to the enemy, determining the least protected points.
Good swimming skills
Feel confident in the depth, especially in open water, when you have to overcome currents or waves, not only an excellent training of strength and endurance and a sure way to strengthen your back muscles. It is also an opportunity to challenge yourself by taking part in swimming races (for example, swimming through the Bosphorus at a distance of 1 to 6.5 kilometers), and sometimes to save someone's life. Irina Mitina, the head of the company, says that once she saved her daughter: “We rested on the Black Sea; the daughter was small, but already knew how to swim. While everyone was splashing around the shore, she swam far enough away, and I began to wave her hand to she floated back. At first it seemed to me that the child was not listening, but suddenly she realized that she simply could not cope with the waves and the sea was dragging her farther. I rushed into the water, swam to my daughter and began to push her through the waves with all my strength This itself went deep under the water, and when it emerged, Enja used to be covered the new wave. Luckily, nothing happened, but I remember that we went out of the sea and staggered for a long time could not recover. "
Kite-surfer Nikolai Anokhin had to rescue drowning people on a river near Kolomna: “I saw a girl running along the shore and excitedly calling for my mother, stretching her arms towards the water. There were two drowning women in the river - a boy and a boy of ten. I jumped into I ran out of my pockets all the documents while I ran out of water, as if I was running, I thought I couldn’t save both. When I was near the drowning, there was only a child on the surface, I picked it up, turned it over on my back and swam to the shore. The boy from All the forces clung to my hand, his eyes were huge with fear. Pulling out the child, he began to look for a woman. Her face was barely noticeable on the surface of the water - she tried to put her lips and breathe out of the last forces. I quickly swam to her, as if no longer feeling tired, - and, fortunately, managed to save her. "
Ability to support in an emergency
The purpose of a terrorist attack is to sow fear and panic, so the reaction of a witness to the attack on what is happening plays an important role. The less panic, the sooner you get out of the danger zone and get the necessary medical care. Doctor Irina Krashkina notes that, of course, it is important to secure the wounded as much as possible: to stop the bleeding, to immobilize the limb in the event of a fracture, before evacuating people. But it is equally important to assess the situation, not to panic and realize that all victims have severe stress. Offers to "calm down and not worry" are doomed to failure. According to psychologist Vadim Guliyev, the real help in this case is to establish contact with the victim, share his experiences and express support by taking a man by the hand or patting his shoulder, and then try to shift his attention.
Orientation in space without navigator
According to neuropsychologist Mikhail Ivanov, the ability to orientate is not an additional option or a special talent, it is for everyone. Neurobiology researchers believe that a person determines his location in space thanks to the hippocampus and areas of the cerebral cortex close to him Nobel Prize winner John O'Keefe discovered specific neurons located in the hippocampus, which he called spatial cells. They are excited when they find themselves in a certain place - this happens about once a second, but the process is accelerated by several times if there is already a cognitive map of space. This system works in coordination with others - for example, thanks to the vestibular apparatus, the body understands whether it is located directly, relies on something or falls. With the help of a proprioceptive sensory system, the brain constantly reads the impulses of neurons, thus figuring out where certain parts of the body are located. It turns out that orientation in space is closely related to orientation within one’s own body.
The most important thing is that it is available not to the elect at all, but to any person; those who mold the label “topographical cretinism” on themselves may well develop an orientation skill, because every time we find ourselves in a new place, the brain “draws” a new map. Caught in an unfamiliar place in the city or lost in the woods, it is important not to panic. There is always some kind of guideline and, as a rule, not one. This could be a tall building, a source of noise or the sun, fells, the curves of a stream, if you are in a forest. Focusing on them, you can make a preliminary cognitive map of the area in which you are located, and supplement it with regard to further movements.
Similarly, it is worthwhile to act when meeting with a map of the area. First, find memorable places that will serve as a guide. Secondly, try to visualize the space with the help of a map: how will you stand when you find yourself where the selected landmarks will be relative to you, and so on. By the way, it is very useful to visit new places and make routes to those already known. It trains the brain well and helps it make cognitive maps more quickly and efficiently.
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