Normal process: How skin changes and where wrinkles come from
There is nothing wrong with age-related changes in skin and body. - while in a healthy person, they occur gradually, reflecting, among other things, changes in metabolism and the work of internal organs. Processes that are typically associated with aging, such as loss of elasticity and pigmentation, can occur for some external reasons. Our body works every day to fulfill its functions - how to make this work more coherent, we understand together with the experts: the head of the cosmetology department of the Austrian Health Center Verba Mayr, the cosmetologist Natalia Novitskaya, the chief physician of the Center for Aesthetic Cosmetology Icon Lab and Kocharova Dentist orthopedist of the Clinic of Aesthetic and Functional Dentistry; Smile SPA Sergey Kovalchuk.
How to form wrinkles
Wrinkles appear for various reasons. For example, facial expressions are due to active facial expressions when we frown, squint, or laugh. As a result of the work of the muscles on the skin, a hall appears, which eventually turns into a wrinkle. Wrinkles on the neck may appear from the wrong position during sleep. With a sharp decrease in weight, especially if you have recovered before this, the skin may simply not have time to shrink - then sagging and wrinkles also occur. The skin condition is affected by various diseases, hormonal disorders, smoking, insufficient moisture, exposure to ultraviolet radiation; The main age factor in the appearance of wrinkles is a decrease in the production of collagen and elastin, which are responsible for the smoothness of the skin and complexion.
The benefits of many of the ingredients that make up anti-aging cosmetics have not been scientifically confirmed, and they usually give minimal effect — or not at all. Only a few components proved to be effective, that is, they really make the skin smoother. For example, peptides (short protein molecules) in creams or in injections are one of the safest ways to reduce the number and depth of wrinkles. Cosmetologist Natalya Novitskaya notes that peptides stimulate the production of extracellular protein, resulting in an update of the dermis, a layer of skin in which collagen and elastin are produced. Such procedures have no side effects, but for a noticeable result they should be carried out regularly.
The main age-related factor in the appearance of wrinkles is a decrease in the production of collagen and elastin, which are responsible for skin smoothness and complexion.
Another option - means with retinoids. These are biologically active forms of vitamin A, which accelerate the process of cell renewal in the connective tissue. Retinoids are part of anti-aging creams and serums that are used in courses; with their use, side effects are not excluded - irritation, peeling, increased skin sensitivity. Polyphenols - powerful herbal antioxidants - are also able to reduce the number of fine wrinkles, protecting the skin from free radicals that damage skin cells. At the same time, according to Natalia Novitskaya, it is important to understand that antioxidants coming from outside violate the internal system of protection of the body against free radicals, and before using a cream with polyphenols, it is important to assess whether there is a real need for external antioxidants. Therefore, consultation with a doctor in this case will not be superfluous.
Laser narrowing and reduction of wrinkles is a radical method that is not suitable for everyone. The essence of the procedure is to warm up the dermis, a deep layer of skin. Due to thermal stimulation of fibroblasts - the cells of this layer - the production of collagen and elastin occurs (by the way, fibroblasts can also be stimulated by peeling or through massage). This is a serious procedure, the recovery period after which usually takes from five days to a week. During pregnancy and lactation, or in the presence of oncological diseases and bleeding disorders, laser procedures are contraindicated.
Why do age spots appear?
Pigmentation is a consequence of enhanced production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. This "staining" contributes to a number of factors: from heredity and sun exposure to problems with internal organs, skin injuries and hormonal preparations. Before you try to remove the pigment spot, it is important to understand the reason for its occurrence, otherwise the effect of the procedure may be very brief or completely absent. Natalia Novitskaya explains that each phototype has its own resource of being in the sun without a reaction from the melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin. For example, a person with the first phototype, that is, white skin and red hair, will have this resource for five minutes, and for the second phototype (dark hair and slightly darker skin) - for ten. After that, the skin cells begin to produce melanin (and if it does not cope with the protection, then there is a sunburn).
The effects of insolation or ultraviolet radiation are pigmentation, which can be uneven, and skin dryness; burns are the most dangerous - they dramatically increase the risk of melanoma, the most dangerous malignant skin tumor. Therefore, sunscreen is necessary for everyone and all year round, as well as sunglasses on sunny days. If after the release the skin was dehydrated, then it will not interfere with intensive nutrition and deep hydration.
If you do not like pigment spots, then biorevitalization is appropriate from salon procedures: hyaluronic acid injections stimulate skin renewal, providing nourishment and hydration. Another option is bioreparation. The procedure includes injections based on hyaluronic acid, but in combination with vitamins, peptides and amino acids. As a result, collagen and elastin are produced more actively, the protective properties of the skin are increased and cell regeneration is accelerated. According to Sona Kocharova, home care is also needed. In the cosmetic arsenal will be useful not only moisturizing, but also nourishing cream.
The effects of insolation or ultraviolet radiation are pigmentation, which can be uneven, and skin dryness; burns are the most dangerous - they dramatically increase the risk of melanoma
Doctor Sona Kocharova notes that in case of a predisposition to increased pigmentation, it will not be possible to get rid of spots once and for all, but with the help of a laser you can achieve good results. The effect is achieved due to the contactless point effect of the laser beam on the skin. The laser coagulates the pigment, that is, "brews" it - the process resembles the way the protein in the egg rolls up during cooking. After that, the pigment rises to the surface of the skin and after a while peels off. Such an effect is painless, but it is not worth waiting for a high result after the first procedure. It will appear only after five to six sessions (the exact number of procedures will be determined by the cosmetologist). However, with diabetes, cancer, the presence of a pacemaker, as well as pregnant women and those who are not yet eighteen years old, laser procedures will have to be abandoned.
Another way is to use hydroquinone: when applied, it blocks the production of melanin. True, there are a couple of nuances: hydroquinone is a strong chemical and should not be used for too long, and after the procedure one should not be in the sun (as is the case with a laser), otherwise the pigmentation may increase. If you opt for peeling the skin, then the middle or deep peeling will help lighten the dark areas. Natalia Novitskaya notes that these procedures should also be done in the autumn-winter period in order to reduce the effect of ultraviolet radiation, and in any case apply sunscreen to the skin.
Because of what skin becomes flabby
Disruption of metabolic processes, reduced production of hyaluronic acid, which is involved in moisturizing the skin, and constant stress are often reasons why the skin looks sagging. The growth of elastin and collagen fibers slows down, and the tissues do not have time to recover. Laser and photo treatments due to the heating of the dermis stimulate fibroblasts (connective tissue cells), and the production of collagen and elastin is enhanced. Injections of fillers or fillers based on hyaluronic acid can also reduce the flabbiness or visibility of the fold (for example, nasolabial), but they will not change the core of the process. There are exercises that train the muscles of the face - they give a good effect, but you have to perform them regularly.
Sergey Kovalchuk, an orthopedic dentist, draws attention to the fact that sagging of the skin on the face is often associated with abnormal abrasion of the teeth when the hard tissues of the tooth decrease - enamel and dentine. And if the first one is erased slowly enough (enamel is the hardest fabric in the human body), then the second one goes several times faster. As a result, the bite decreases, the height of the lower third of the face decreases - and soft tissues (muscles and skin) begin to sag. On both sides of the chin, areas of sagging skin are formed, nasolabial folds become more noticeable, and saliva collects in the lowered corners of the lips, causing dry skin and cracks in these places.
Incorrect bite, incorrect installation of fillings or crowns, the habit of biting nails and even some diseases can lead to abnormal abrasion of teeth. In this case, it is worth walking to the dentist’s office; sometimes other specialists need to be involved - for example, a neurologist. Manifestations of abrasion can be obvious as early as twenty-five or thirty years and contribute not only to sagging of the skin, but also to the development of problems with the temporomandibular joint. Bruxism (overstressing the chewing muscles in a dream) is also called the night gnashing of teeth; while the sounds are not always, but the erasability of enamel occurs. In this case, good prevention is to wear a special plastic cap at night, which is individually made at the clinic.
Why skin is coarse
Exposure to ultraviolet radiation and free radicals cause damage to the nucleus and structure of skin cells. The latter lose the ability to regenerate and exfoliate - and horny masses begin to accumulate on the surface. Peels with alpha-hydroxy acids (glycolic, malic, citric, tartaric) contained in fruits and berries, give a slight exfoliating effect and remove dead skin cells. Novitskaya recommends having exfoliating products with fruit acids at home, as well as occasionally doing professional peeling in salons. Sona Kocharova adds that hormonal disruptions, viral diseases and allergies can also provoke increased keratinization of the skin, so if the aforementioned appeared to be too abrupt, it is better to undergo a medical examination first.
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